Manganese is an essential trace element for the human body, and it is related to various physiological functions. Manganese ions improve cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins by influencing integrins, thereby enhancing bone formation and affecting bone tissue metabolism. At the same time, manganese is a co-factor for various enzymes in the human body, such as arginase and glutamine synthetase, and plays an important role in immune function and energy metabolism. https://www.matexcel.com/application-of-manganese-in-biomaterials.html